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What is a Cataract?
A cataract develops when the normally clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy or darkened.  This blocks light from getting to the lens and properly focusing light on the seeing cells of the retina, resulting in decreased vision.  A cataract is not a film that grows over the surface of the eye.  Cataracts are most common in people over the age of 55, but can occur at all ages, including newborns.  Some cataracts take years to develop and some develop very rapidly.  During your annual eye examination, we can determine whether you have cataracts.

What Causes a Cataract?
Chemical changes within the lens cause it to become cloudy.  This may be due to the normal aging process or from other factors such as: heredity, trauma, systemic disease, systemic medications, smoking, vitamin deficiency, high amounts of myopia, and UV damage.

Symptoms of a Cataract
Symptoms will vary depending on the severity of the cataract.  Some people will not have any symptoms, and some will have significant symptoms.  Symptoms of a cataract may include:
  • Blurry or distorted vision
  • Double vision
  • Light sensitivity
  • Poor night vision
  • Glare or halos around lights
  • Appearance of dark spots or shadows that seem to move when the eye moves
  • Increased need for more light to see clearly
  • A change in color vision (colors may seem yellow)

Management of Cataracts
In the early stages of cataracts, your eye care practitioner can prescribe changes to your glasses or contact lenses to improve your vision.  It is important to wear sunglasses when outside to protect the eye from UV rays which contributes to worsening of the cataract.  If the cataract impairs your daily activities, you may be referred to an ophthalmologist who may recommend surgical removal of the cataract. 
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Cataract surgery is relatively uncomplicated and has a 95% success rate.  The surgery involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. This artificial lens is designed to include your prescription negating or reducing the need for glasses or contacts. The ophthalmologist will discuss what type of intraocular lens is best for you.  Annual eye examinations are recommended no matter what type of treatment is decided to monitor your eye health.